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Others
Rush current:
This is the over-current that flows momentarily when the power switch is set
to ON. For example, in the case of a switching power supply, a rush current
of several times the rated current may flow for an instant.
When it is fed to other equipment by thin wires, the voltage may drop at
power-on with a bad impact on the main unit and other equipment. In
addition, if the power circuit breaker has a small capacity, the power-on
rush current may trip the breaker.
PL (Product Liability) Law:
This is one of the law related to the safety of manufactured and processed
goods and the liability of manufacturers related to damage or injuries
caused by their products.
Inspection during development of manufacturing technologies, processing and
before shipment plays a large role in increasing safety and minimizing
liability. X-ray Inspection Systems and Metal Detectors are being widely
introduced to detect foreign materials and contaminants in products and
increase consumer safety.
IP (International Protection) Standards:
The IP standards regulate the protection class of electrical equipment for
waterproofness and ingress of solid materials.
The xx in IPxx indicates the dust and waterproof protection
class. The first characteristic numerial specifies the presence or absence
of holes running from the exterior to the interior and the size of any
holes. In other words, it regulates the holes (apertures) through which
foreign objects such as fingers and hands can be placed.
The second characteristic numerial indicates the protection class regulating
water ingress and damage.
* IP65
No ingress of water when sprayed from 6.3-mm diameter nozzle at 12.5 ±5%
liters/minute at 2.5 to 3 meters from equipment in all three directions. The
diameter of the water jet is 40 mm, at the point of 2.5 meters from the nozzle.
* IP66
No ingress of water when sprayed from 12.5-mm diameter nozzle at 100 ±5%
liters/minute at 2.5 to 3 meters from equipment in all three directions. The
diameter of the water jet is 120 mm, at the point of 2.5 meters from the nozzle.
In Anritsu, IP65 and IP66 compatible indicate that the machines meet the
above standards for dust and waterproofness.
HACCP
(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point):
The HACCP concept is composed of two concepts; hazard analysis (HA), and
critical control point (CCP). It is a set of safety protocols regulating
food safety at every stage from production of raw materials through to
delivery into the customer's hands.
It outlines the procedures for daily monitoring and analysis of
predetermined biological, chemical and physical hazards.
GMP
(Good Manufacturing Practice):
Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is a system for ensuring that products are
consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards.
GMP covers all aspects of production; from the starting materials, premises
and equipment to the training and personal hygiene of staff. Detailed,
written procedures are essential for each process that could affect the
quality of the finished product.
There must be systems to provide documented proof that correct procedures
are consistently followed at each step in the manufacturing process - every
time a product is made.
Validation:
Validation is defined as establishing documented evidence that provides a
high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a
product meeting its pre-determined specifications and quality attributes. In
other words, when a customer makes a claim about a product fault, validation
permits the manufacturer to respond with production and inspection records
related to the performance and function of the manufacturing and inspection
equipment.
Validation systems require creation of inspection rules, archiving and
management of inspection results, creation of operation manuals, etc.
Traceability (In the case of Japan):
Traceability is defined by JIS as a system for tracing the accuracy and
calibration of measurement standards and measuring equipment back to
higher-level national or international standards. For example, the
calibration weights used to calibrate a Checkweigher must be directly
traceable back the Japanese National Standards and are periodically tested
by an approved testing organization to ensure their accuracy and
traceability. |
